dextran hydrodynamic radius

In this study, we investigated the effectiveness of RF microporation technology in vitro, by evaluating the permeation of fluorescent-conjugated dextran (FITC-dextran) of various molecular weights through the human and pig skin after microporation, using a transdermal diffusion cell system. Crini, G. (2005). Static and Dynamic Light-Scattering Solution Behavior of Pullulan and Dextran in Comparison. Molecular weight, molecular weight distribution and molecular size of a native dextran. The hydrodynamic radius R h, defined as the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as the solute, takes these effects into account. Structure Properties of Dextran. Determination of constants, kM-H and a, from the intrinsic viscosity data, requires a series of monodisperse polymer samples with known molecular weight or a series of polydisperse polymer samples with known viscosity average molecular weights, Mv. Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. After microporation, the TEWL values of the human cadaver skin increased from 11.30.6 to 33.01.0, 10.71.5 to 45.31.5, and 10.70.6 to 61.02.0g/m2/h when the microporation was performed 2, 5, and 10 times, respectively. DOI: 10.12691/jpbpc-1-1-3, Received September 18, 2013; Revised October 23, 2013; Accepted November 22, 2013. Cecopieri-Gmez, Martha L.; Palacios-Alquisira, Joaqun (2005). The permeability of fluorescein isothiocyanate-dextrans (FITC-dextrans) with different molecular weights through the pig and human cadaver skins were measured using Franz diffusion cell. Int J Food Sci Nutr. Sachdeva V, Banga AK. 4K, 10K, and 20K) permeated through the human, and pig skin after microporation. Masuelli, Martin A. Hydrodynamic properties of whole arabic gum. Curvale, R.; Masuelli, M.; Perez Padilla, A. This method utilizes promising strategies that have made a significant impact in transdermal delivery [6], they include: iontophoresis, microneedles, sonophoresis, radiofrequency (RF), and chemical enhancers [7,8,9,10,11]. The results are shown to be in good agreement with available hydrodynamic models for spherical solutes in cylindrical pores with the effective solute to pore size ratio evaluated using a partitioning model which implicitly Harding, S. E., & Simpkin, N. J. To overcome these limitations, microporation devices that act as therapeutic vehicles for delivering drug molecules across the skin barriers have been developed. Ioan, C.E. Dextran molecular size and degree of branching as a function of sucrose concentration, pH, and temperature of reaction of. Masuelli, M. A. The micropores of the human cadaver skin were regenerated according to the time. With FITC-dextran 20 K, cumulative The correct way to interpret what Mark-Houwink parameters is determined graphically ln [] versus ln Mw, where Mw is the molecular weight provided by manufacturer, and calculate the percentage relative error (%RE) respect to Mw. In summary, we demonstrated effective enhancement of skin permeability and delivery of macromolecules lower than 20KM.W., and regeneration of human cadaver skin after microporation with an RF-based microporation device. Treatment of acne scars by fractional bipolar radiofrequency energy. WebThe Stokes radius or StokesEinstein radius of a solute is the radius of a hard sphere that diffuses at the same rate as that solute. volume24, Articlenumber:22 (2020) Colloid and Polymer Science, 286, 1223-1231. 2010;4(1):117. The most widely applied coatings for FDA-approved SPIONs are dextran and carboxydextran. Gillespie, T.; Hulme, M. A. Monolayers and Thin Films of Dextran Hydrophobically Modified. Keratinocytes adjacent to the wound site induced by the microporation in the epidermis undergo a series of modifications that allow their proliferation and migration to the wound. The value of qM-H varies from one sample to another one, because it is a function of a and the average molecular weights (Mv, Mw). Thus, it is accepted that, for every flexible-chain polymer in a (ideal) solvent, there is a universal value of 0 = 2.1-2.5x1023mol-1 [52]. J. Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. Materiaux 1-5. Data File Dextran. Typically, the hydrodynamic diameter of the micelles is about 100 nm and the critical micelle concentration is about 10 mg/L. Hydrodynamic cavitation (HC), a common phenomenon that can produce local excessive temperature, high pressure and large amount of energy. Expert Rev Med Devices. The Mark-Houwink parameters and the effect of temperature on them are specifically studied. 56 The linkage that the enzyme dextranase breaks down is indicated by the black arrow. These studies on Mark-Houwink parameters are usually carried out at a given temperature, obtaining a consistent result but in a very limited temperature range [68]. Figure3 shows a magnified image of human cadaver skin with microchannels formed by the microporation device (250kHz) and the skin closure over time. Manage cookies/Do not sell my data we use in the preference centre. Thus, typically, the dextran glomerular for a molecule with a Stokes-Einstein (SE) radius of 30 is approximately sevenfold higher than that of neutral horseradish Ibrahim O, Munavalli GS, Dover JS. Masuelli, Martin Alberto (2013). 2008;26(11):12618. 2018 Aug 9;23(8):1984. doi: 10.3390/molecules23081984. Pore closure examination was performed using an optical microscope (BX43, Olympus, Japan) immediately (time 0), 4, 8, and 24h following device application. 4K was 10.611.68 and 13.440.18M in human and pig skin, respectively. Interaction Parameter (); Expansion Factor (); Steric Hindrance Factor (); and Shielding Function F(); for the System PEAOrganic Solvents by Intrinsic Viscosity Measurements. Microneedles and their applications. Dextran is a branched polysaccharide, composed of -D-glucopyranosyl residues. The most widely used method for the characterization of macromolecules is the capillary viscometry, as it is a simple and economic method. Transdermal drug delivery system for non-steroidal anti inflammatory drugs: a review. All possible degrees of curling can be displayed by any molecule, but there will be an average configuration which will depend on the solvent. WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. For a given polymer-solvent pair, the theta condition is satisfied at a certain temperature, called the theta () temperature or theta point. of different origins. ; Rjumtsev, E.I. Karmarkar, S.; Garber, R.: Kluza, J.; Koberda, M. (2006). Hi Khanh, Alan is taking a little time off of Research Gate at the moment, but here is some information in reply to your question. Armstrong, J. K.; Wenby, R. B.; Meiselman, H. J.; Fisher, T. C. (2004). Dextran Triple Detector Application Note 1, Viscotek GmbH, USA. The calculated dextran molecular weights are corroborated by those tabulated data by the manufacturer with a relative error lower than 10%, being the exception dextrans 580 and 2000kDa with the highest relative error. This universalization of the parameters leads to a higher error ratio in the calculation of the respective molecular weights. Exp Cell Res. 10% neutral buffered formalin was purchased from Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Home > 2022 > Junho > 22 > Uncategorized > dextran hydrodynamic radius. The mostly used commercial product/ polysaccharide is dextran, and it is produced from bacterium Leuconostoc mesenteroides, with an overall degree of branching of about 5% [1-3][1]. In this work, we evaluate the maximum radius of macromolecules able to enter into HeLa cells following a plasma treatment using a size exclusion approach with dextran molecules. For ellipsoids, as studied by Simha, (a/b) is a function of axial ratio. Journal of Colloid Science, 31, 308-328. PubMedGoogle Scholar. The solution viscosity () is related to the solvent viscosity (o), resulting in the relative viscosity. We will also conduct further studies on the regeneration of human cadaver skin and evaluate the possibilities of clinical trials. 2003;89(2):31120. The solutions were prepared in bidestilated water at 1, 0.75, 0.5, 0.25 % wt. (1999). (2008). Red blood cell rouleaux formation in dextran solution: dependence on polymer conformation. Food Funct. Stenekes, R.J.H. These values indicate for dextrans in dilute aqueous solution, both methods give very similar results of the intrinsic viscosity and the respective Mw. ; Veldhuis, T.F.J. Dextrans and their derivatives find an interest in clinical applications, as well as excipients in tablets in the pharmaceutical industry [5]. In the range of working temperatures and molecular weights of dextrans, similar intrinsic viscosity results obtained by other researchers and published here are slight, as shown in tables 1 and 3. (1998). A simple and rapid method for evaluation of MarkHouwinkSaturada constants of linear random coil polysaccharides using molecular weight and intrinsic viscosity determined by high performance size exclusin chromatography: application to guar galactomannan. Kano S, Todo H, Furui K, Kenichi S, Tokudome Y, Hashimoto F, Kojima H, Sugibayashi K. Comparison of several reconstructed cultured human skin models by microscopic observation: their usefulness as an alternative membrane for skin in drug permeation experiments. These studies were carried out at the Hisko (Gunpo, Korea). Dextran; Weissella cibaria; exopolysaccharide; prebiotic; skimmed milk. Table 3 shows the intrinsic viscosity for the rest of the dextrans obtained by using the single-point method, measured at different temperatures. Normally, the skin loses very little water loss whereas damaged skin loses more [22]. Sung-Wook Choi. For 40 kDa molecules, the hydrodynamic diameter d h ~8 nm is much smaller than the collagen mesh size [33,41]. ; Ghosh, T.K. Formul. Dextrans can function efficiently as anterograde or retrograde tracers, 2019;26(1):25261. ; Fran, H.P. Levin G, Gershonowitz A, Sacks H, Stern M, Sherman A, Rudaev S, Zivin I, Phillip M. Transdermal delivery of human growth hormone through RF-microchannels. The Mark-Houwink exponent bears the signature of a three-dimensional configuration of a polymer chain in the solvent environment. In addition, the permeation rate was higher in pig skin than in human skin. Biotechnology Progress, 19, 544-548. Chemical penetration enhancers for transdermal drug delivery systems. WebLabeled dextrans are hydrophilic polysaccharides most commonly used in microscopy studies to monitor cell division, track the movement of live cells, and to report the WebTry out PMC Labs and tell us what you think. An undergraduate physical chemistry experiment. Where f0 is the frictional coefficient of a sphere having the same hydrodynamic (hydrated or solvated) volume V as the particle. 2009;301(8):60913. It has been found that, when applied to water treatment, it can effectively act on refractory organic matter in wastewater through thermal decomposition and water molecular action to produce free Google Scholar. RBECs were passaged onto cell culture inserts as described and cultured for a further 714 days in vitro. Formation of dextran hydrogels by crystallization. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 60, 1650-1662. Kasaai, Mohammad R. (2007). Deng H, Konopka CJ, Prabhu S, Sarkar S, Medina NG, Fayyaz M, Arogundade OH, Vidana Gamage HE, Shahoei SH, Nall D, Youn Y, Dobrucka IT, Audu CO, Joshi A, Melvin WJ, Gallagher KA, Selvin PR, Nelson ER, Dobrucki LW, Swanson KS, Smith AM. Nat Biotechnol. The basic setup of a DLS instrument is shown in Figure 1. Fractional thermolysis by bipolar radiofrequency facilitates cutaneous delivery of peptide and siRNA with minor loss of barrier function. ; Ross-Murphy, S.B. 7 8 He, L.; Niemeyer, B. The column was eluted with bidestilled water a flow rate of 0.8 ml/min, injection 5L, back pressure 200psi. Guner, Ali (1999). Multiple Linear Least-Squares Fits with a Common Intercept: Determination of the Intrinsic Viscosity of Macromolecules in Solution. Dextran consists of -D glucose units with a majority of (16) glucosidic linkages between them. Although we didnt conduct assay for inflammation, we could not find any inflammation symptoms such as redness, blisters, cracked, and thickening. The values of Mark-Houwink parameters universalized for the range of working temperatures are the following: 0.4267 for a*, and 0.1455 cm3/g for k*M-H, with 2 of 0.9399. The Mark-Houwink parameters indicate the dependence with temperature (T) in the range from 20 to 50C, ie with increasing T a increases and kM-H decreases. Colloid Polym. Lucifer yellow (LY) and FITC-labelled dextran stock solutions were prepared in Ringers-HEPES buffer (150 mM NaCl, 3.4 mM CaCl 2, 1.2 mM MgCl 2, 5.2 mM KCl, 0.5 mM NaHCO 3, 2.8 mM glucose, and 10 mM HEPES) and frozen at 20C. Therefore, the trend of "a" and kM-H decreases with T, where the presence of ethylene glycol or dimethylsulfoxide strongly changes the interactions of this solvent with the macromolecule. Arch Dermatol Res. Journal of Chemical Education, 80(9), 1036-1038. Springer Editions. Format). The molecular mass of dextran as determined by the gel filtration and copper bicinchoninate method was approximately, 800 kDa. ; Hogan, M.P. government site. Not for use in diagnostic procedures. ; Aberle, T; Burchard, W. (2000). 2017 Dec 12;27(1):73-78. doi: 10.1007/s10068-017-0274-0. Careers. Differences were considered statistically significant at p <0.05. FITC-dextran solution was prepared at 1mM in PBS. Here we have the hydrodynamic radius estimate for the 3kDa dextran and 1.5 kDa dextran by the Zetasizer calculator, thanks to Alan. Alan F Rawle, t Recent Pat Drug Deliv Formul. As intrinsic viscosity of dextrans decreases with an increase in solution temperature; chain flexibility enhances with an increase in temperature (see Table 4) showing that the intrinsic viscosity of dextran (with different molecular weights Mw from 8.8 to 200kDa) decreases linearly with an temperature increase in solution, but change to high molecular weight to hyperbranched macromolecule. A lot of research has been devoted to dextrans modification in order to describe special characteristics relevant to specific applications such as surfactants [16], as visible marker [17], polysaccharides-based nanoparticles, covalent crosslinking [18], ionic crosslinking, polyelectrolyte complex, and the self-assembly of hydrophobically modified polysaccharides, and hydrophilic modified polysaccharides [19]. European Polymer Journal, 43, 1744-1753. These studies were again focused on investigating the hydrodynamic properties of the polymer molecules, their hydrodynamic radius in relation to their radius of gyration and the coherence of the simulation results with polymer theory. where tr is the column retention time in minutes (2 of 0.9792). TEWL values before and immediately after microporation on human cadaver skin according to the number of times microproration was done (n=3). 2022 Feb 22;16(2):1999-2012. doi: 10.1021/acsnano.1c07010. (2007). Bahary, W.S. WebFITC Products. 1994, 95-0355. By using this website, you agree to our Chromatographic characterization of polymers: Hyphenated and multidimensional techniques. Mark-Houwink-Kuhn-Sakurada Exponent at the Condition. Mitragotri S. Mechanical disruption of skin barrier for vaccine delivery. The skin poration was performed using the microporation device (LG electronics, Korea). (1954). Dependence on Concentration. This device can generate microchannels from the SC through to the outer dermis and allow transdermal delivery of active agents. The reason for a nonlinear Mark-Houwink relationship is confirmed by the intrinsic viscosity which in contrast with scaling prediction shows no power law behavior. The a value is higher than calculated in this work, because these calculations were performed with number average molecular weight (Mn) which rearranges the value of a and forces him to enter into unbranched or linear molecules (a > 0.5), on the other hand, if molecular weights (Mw) ware used to value would be less than 0.5. This study was supported by the LG Electronics. Carbohydr Polym. WebDextran 670 GPC Standard Normative Mw - 670000 Da GPC standards can be used for calibration and molecular weight determination. The above data are not useful because it can not be compared with those obtained in this work. Appl Biochem Biotechnol. Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. At 25C both values of a and kM-H are within the range reported by [3, 8, 16]. These results suggest that fibroblasts proliferate and migrate under the SC, and regenerate the skin. 2013;3(5):3588605. 2011;16(2):518. Harding, Stephen E. (2005). Monosaccharide analysis revealed that the polysaccharide comprised only glucose units. WebFluorescent and biotinylated dextrans are routinely employed to trace neuronal projections. Viscosity of Liquids. Gums and stabilisers for the Food Industry, 5, 447-450. When applied to adherent cell cultures, the APGD-t is capable of inducing temporary cell permeabilization. 2009;8(2):1739. Department of Biomedical-Chemical Engineering, The Catholic University of Korea, 43 Jibong-ro Wonmi-gu, Bucheon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 14662, Republic of Korea, LG electronics, 19 Yangjae-daero 11-gil, Seocho-gu, Seoul, 06772, Republic of Korea, You can also search for this author in In our present study, microporated skin permeated insufficient amount of 20K FITC-dextran, suggesting that enhancement of permeability was unsuccessful with macromolecules of more than 20KM.W.. 2016;47:15964. Dextran. Qi P, Caoa M, Songa L, Chena C, Liua M, Li N, Wua D, Penga J, Hub G, Zhao J. Walkenhorst, S.; Olivier, R. (2002). Macromolecules, 29, 2265-2268. The hydrodynamic 57 radius of the dextranase is 7 Progress in Polymer Science, 30, 38-70. Carbohydrate Polymers, 74, 372-378. Challenges for the modern analytical ultracentrifuge analysis of polysaccharides. Seven dextrans, provided by Sigma, with molecular weight of 8.8, 40, 71.9, 110, 200, 580 and 2000 kDa. Disclaimer. European Biophysical Journal, 36, 85-94. 8. WebThomas Gutberlet works at Jlich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS-2), Forsch and is well known for Lipoteichoic Acid, Neutron Reflectometry and Neutron Reflectivity. The equation 4 can be rearranged and resulted in a modified M-H equation as follows: where the value qM-H is the polydispersity correction factor, and it is a statistical function of the molecular weight distribution. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Based on these results a difference of approximately 1015% between the amounts of drugs permeated through the human skin and pig skin models should be considered during human clinical trials. Alternatives to animal testing: a review. These results could be attributed to the differences in the in vivo and in vitro skin nutrients supply; with in vivo studies, the skin tissue is supplied nutrients directly from the blood vessels, but the human cadaver skin is supplied from the media, therefore, the skin tissue regeneration efficiency is low [26,27,28]. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 27, 795-810. (2008). It is worth noting that the size of macromolecules is much bigger than that of solvent (water) molecules [50]. Determination of intrinsic viscosities of macromolecules and nanoparticles. Front Microbiol. Biophysical Journal, 27, 177-181. J Appl Toxicol. ; Wood, P.J. Google Scholar. Eng. Accessibility Drug Deliv. In a good solvent, which shows a zero or negative heat of mixing with the polymer, the molecule is less-extended, and the intrinsic viscosity is high. Global hydrodynamic analysis of the molecular flexibility of galactomannans. This conjecture found to be correct. The polymer molecule assumes a tighter configuration, and the solution has a lower intrinsic viscosity. Eremeeva, T. E.; Bykova, T. O. The author thanks Universidad Nacional de San Luis (Project 2-81/11), FONCyT (PICT 2004-N23-2548 and PICT 2008-N21-84), and CONICET (PIP 6324 Res. Smith, David R.; Raymonda, John W. (1972). Dextrans in Aqueous Solution. Int J Pharm Investig. Determination of the intrinsic viscosity has been the most used measurement in the last 60 years. For Research Use Only. Studies carried out at different ionic strength you can see them in the references [64, 65] and works with different solvents in the references [66, 67]. In fact, short chains do contain minor branching points. Herwadkar A, Banga AK. (2007). Food Sci Biotechnol. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 13, 2031-2032. These modifications include degradation of hemidesmosomes attached to the dermis, degradation of desmosomes linked to adjacent cells, contraction of intracellular tonofilament, and lamellipodia formation. ; Picout, D.R. (2008). WebThe study of biopolymers as dextran in aqueous solution, is effectively determined by intrinsic viscosity [] measurements at different temperatures. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Harding, S. E.; Varum, K.; Stoke B.; Smidsrod, O. Pavlov, G.M. Journal of Polymer Science Part B: Polymer Physics, 38, 2591-2598. Dextran is soluble in water, methyl sulphoxide, formamide, ethylene glycol, glycerol, 4-methylmorpholine-4-oxide, and hexamethyl phosphamide [4]. 10K, and c M.W. The first term on the left-hand side of equation 2 (i/c) has a linear relation as a function of the concentration (c in g/cm3), where is the intrinsic viscosity [] is given by (c0) [42, 43]. Ortega, A.; Garca de la Torre, J. Conducting a comparative analysis of the data shown in Table 1 can observer that parameter data Mark-Houwink a, obtained by these authors are very similar to that obtained in this work, which affirms its validity. The temperature increment can induce a macromolecule compaction (decreases in RH and []), generating by this way, a greater difficult to flowing due at requires an increase of energy consumption (Eavf<). WebAccording to the above theoretical analysis for the micro-roughness contact model, the relationship between the hydrodynamic pressure (HP) and the contact pressure (CP) is shown in Fig. The important role of thermodynamic interaction parameter in the determination of theta temperature, dextran/water system. Biophysical Journal, 87, 4259-4270. Named after George Gabriel Stokes, it is closely related to solute mobility, factoring in not only size but also solvent effects.A smaller ion with stronger hydration, for example, may have a greater Stokes radius than a larger ion with
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