Cats are also credited with promoting socialization among older individuals and physically or mentally disabled people. Any kind of fluid discharge from the ear is abnormal and should be investigated. } Terramycin Ophthalmic Ointment - Oxytetracycline Hydrochloride. La Biblioteca Virtual en Salud es una coleccin de fuentes de informacin cientfica y tcnica en salud organizada y almacenada en formato electrnico en la Regin de Amrica Latina y el Caribe, accesible de forma universal en Internet de modo compatible con las bases internacionales. While the FDA has not approved azithromycin for cats and dogs, veterinarians find the benefits outweigh any dangers. In cats, azithromycin is most commonly used to treat certain kinds of bacterial infections. 8600 Rockville Pike Oral suspension (liquid form) should be stored at room temperature for up to 10 days, then discarded. It is always best to speak with your veterinarian to review any of your cat's ongoing medical conditions and/or current medications your cat is taking before starting a new medication. Fecal antigen tests for Cryptosporidium spp. endstream
font-weight: 700; Miscommunication could occur over the phone with a pharmacy, through mis-spellings, or misinterpretations of handwritten scripts. Disclaimer. Scorza V, Lappin MR. In cats, it is used off-label to treat upper respiratory infections, bartonellosis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, or in combination with atovaquone to treat cytauxzoonosis. flex-wrap: wrap; Nitazoxanide (NTZ) and azithromycin (AZR) are among the most widely used drugs for treating cryptosporidiosis in human. Host Associations and Transmission Between Hosts, Prepatent Period and Environmental Factors, Zoonotic Potential of Valid Species of Cryptosporidium, Host Ranges of Genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum. Of the few treatment options that exist, none have so far demonstrated constant elimination of the parasite. /S 125
Side Effects of Azithromycin. Azithromycin is a broad-spectrum macrolide antibiotic with a long half-life and a high degree of tissue penetration 3. Prescribed medications, if given, must be followed through to completion. Modified acid-fast staining of a thin fecal smear can be performed in the small animal practice to aid in the diagnosis of cryptosporidiosis. Bookshelf The disease may be more severe, prolonged, and sometimes life-threatening in immunocompromised hosts. Thats why its important to adhere to a veterinarians instructions for proper prescription dosing of this drug. Tinidazole works as well as metronidazole and has many of the same side effects, but it can be given in a single dose. Azithromycin is an antibiotic used to treat certain susceptible infections in cats. Michael R. Lappin, DVM, PhD, DACVIM
Antibiotics: Medication to kill the bacterial infection may be prescribed if the cat has severe symptoms or is a suspected source of human infection. MeSH 0000029075 00000 n
While not considered hepatotoxic, azithromycin is largely metabolized by the liver, so monitoring liver function more closely if using the two together would likely be indicated. The following drugs have been used with some success in cases where animals have persistent diarrhea with oocyst shedding: Paromomycin: 150 mg/kg SID for 5 days (dogs and cats), Tylosin: 10 to 15 mg/kg TID for 14 to 21 days (cats), Azithromycin: 5 to 10 mg/kg BID for 5 to 7 days (dogs); 7 to 15 mg/kg for 5 to 7 days (cats). Eradication of Cryptosporidium in a child undergoing maintenance chemotherapy for leukemia using high dose azithromycin therapy. 0000056391 00000 n
padding: 10px; However, acid-fast staining will only detect approximately 50% of Cryptosporidium spp. Unlike most antibiotics, azithromycin also has some anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating effects. in feces of dogs and cats in the United States by PCR assay and IFA. NTZ, a nitrothiazole benzamide compound, has been reported to be effective against a wide variety of protozoa and helminths [ 8, 9 ]. Your veterinarian should always be consulted before starting any new medication, so that any potential interactions can be reviewed. Azithromycin is primarily metabolized by the liver, so it should be used cautiously in any cats with underlying liver disease or dysfunction. The PCR will amplify DNA that is directly extracted from fecal material. Infection occurs following ingestion of sporulated oocysts from fecal-contaminated environments, food, articles, or water. Azithromycin is an antibiotic commonly used to treat certain bacterial infections in cats. It is typically administered for 5-20 days. associated diarrhea sometimes resolves after administration of tylosin (10-15 mg/kg, PO, q12hr), azithromycin (10 mg/kg, PO, daily), or nitazoxanide (10-25 mg/kg, PO, q12-24 hr). stream
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First, for inflammation or infection present inside the ear canal, oral medications are less commonly used, as they dont achieve good concentrations in the ear canals of cats and dogs. /CapHeight 660
The parasite will be found in the course of the fecal examination. Brand Names: Using it twice a week for several weeks is not uncommon. 0000051859 00000 n
2021 Dec;17:128-138. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2021.09.001. Zoonotic Potential: Yes, rare in immunocompromised humans, Location: Small intestine (other locations in immunocompromised hosts), Location: Small intestine, large intestine. Unacceptable Uses. width: 115px; Isospora spp. In some kittens or adult cats, coccidiosis may spontaneously go away on its own. Overdoses of azithromycin may be more likely to lead to these adverse effects and its pro-kinetic effects on GI motility could also cause abdominal discomfort from cramping. 0000059125 00000 n
Azithromycin is a semi-synthetic macrolide antibiotic derived from erythromycin. Note: The tablet doses available for azithromycin are typically too large for cats: 250mg, 500mg, 600mg. 2. /O 71
Rania Gollakner, BS, DVM, MPH. This drug works by preventing the bacteria from making critical proteins. In some cats with diarrhea and Cryptosporidium spp. (/A/z/i/t/h/r/o/m/y/c/n/s/a/e/l/d/hyphen/b/p/g/fi/f/u/period/v/w/one/nine/eight/zero/T/five/G/two/comma/three/k/I/parenleft/parenright/P/O/seven/percent/four/slash/F/x/M/fl/V/B/S/H/quoteright/q/D/six/L/semicolon/C/N/J/colon/R/W/E/Z/K)
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color: #fff; In severe cases, both . The liquid suspension is most often used, available in 20mg/ml, 40mg/ml concentrations. The liquid oral suspension form of azithromycin, once reconstituted, typically does not need to be refrigerated and should not be. Azithromycin is given by mouth in the form of a tablet or liquid suspension. Infection by Isospora spp. 0000052713 00000 n
Most Isospora spp. /FontDescriptor 73 0 R
It also comes in an injectable form that can be given intravenously by your veterinarian. .medication-table .table-row .item-title{ The protozoa spreads by encysting itself, or covering itself in a protective layer, before being passed out of the . False negative fecal flotation results are uncommon in clinically infected animals but occasionally clinical signs precede oocyst shedding and so a second fecal flotation may be needed to prove infection in some cases. infection in dogs and cats can vary from 3% to > 30% (www.capcvet.org). associated diarrhea sometimes resolves after administration of tylosin (1015 mg/kg, PO, q12hr), azithromycin (10 mg/kg, PO, daily), or nitazoxanide (1025 mg/kg, PO, q1224 hr). infections are generally only associated with disease in kittens which can exhibit vomiting, abdominal discomfort, inappetence, and watery diarrhea that sometime contains blood. There have been very few reports of people infected with. in humans feces do not work well with C. felis. /ArtBox [ 9 9 585 783 ]
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Although rare, this can happen with almost any medication, so you need to have your pet seen by a veterinarian immediately. There are four important exposure points through which cats can spread diseases to humans (feces, bites and saliva, contact with skin or fur, and scratches).To help reduce the risk of catching a zoonotic disease, cat owners should wash hands after handling cats or their litter boxes and avoid injuries from scratches and bites. Be the first to get our latest updates, insider videos, cat health resources, and more. /Widths [ 900 740 220 440 440 500 520 260 240 260 580 520 520 520 520 520
Listing a study does not mean it has been evaluated by the U.S. Federal Government. It is not eliminated by standard water treatment measures. Treatment frequency and length can also vary quite a bit. 71 0 obj
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Azithromycin is an antibiotic that falls into the class of drugs called macrolide antibiotics. /PageLabels 66 0 R
for cats with Stomatitis? Generic Name Azithromycin DrugBank Accession Number DB00207 Background. Fever, vomiting and loss of appetite occur less commonly. Brand Names. Dr. Vanderhoof lives in the Northern Virginia area with his family, including 3 cats. In cats, it is most common for the liquid oral suspension to be prescribed, as the available tablet sizes are too big for dosing in most cats. <<
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Most species and strains are highly adapted to specific hosts. However, some infected animals are co-infected with other parasites with potential for zoonotic transfer to people like Cryptosporidium spp. Saitoh Y, Itagaki H. Dung beetles, Onthophagus spp., as potential transport hosts of feline Coccidia. 73 0 obj
Int J STD AIDS. In unusual cases, it can cause elevations in liver enzymes that are measured on routine blood tests. Cryptosporidium in patients infected with human immunodeficiency virus: azithromycin revisited. Boil your cat's drinking water to assure that it is clean. Azithromycin therapy should be considered for immunocompromised patients with intestinal Cryptosporidium infection. /MediaBox [ 9 9 585 783 ]
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This medication is removed from circulation by the liver, like many drugs. A regimen has been approved to treat adult animals: 100 mg BID for 5 days in animals 24 to 47 months old and 200 mg BID for 5 days in animals 4 to 11 years old. Mouth Ulcers In Cats: Causes, Symptoms, and Treatment, View all posts by Dr. Chris Vanderhoof, DVM, MPH, Marbofloxacin For Cats: Overview, Dosage & Side Effects, L-lysine For Cats: Overview, Dosage & Side Effects, Lactulose For Cats: Overview, Dosage & Side Effects, Solensia For Cats: Overview, Dosage & Side Effects, 10 Popular Cat Myths Completely Debunked By A Vet, How Much Does It Cost To Own A Cat In 2023, How To Wash A Cat Without Cat Shampoo In 13 Simple Steps, Is Your Cat Lonely? .medication-table .table-row{ 0000057127 00000 n
When it occurs, Cryptosporidium spp. 2023 Cliverse Media Ltd. /Type /FontDescriptor
31, no. The dose for Azithromycin is 7 to 15 mg/kg every 12 hours for 14 days. display: flex; It should be used cautiously in animals with a history of vomiting. Oocysts in fecal smears are red when acid-fast stains are used. Prevalence of Cryptosporidium, Giardia and Isospora species infections in pet cats with clinical signs of gastrointestinal disease. Dogs get infected with Cryptosporidium canis, while cats get C. felis and humans get C. parvum and C.hominis . In the United States, Cryptosporidium spp. Although these effects are not well understood in animals, these benefits likely contribute to improvements seen in cats with chronic rhinosinusitis and stomatitis (inflammation in the mouth). 0000055595 00000 n
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Other symptoms include lethargyand intolerance for exercise. For example, an upper respiratory infection in a cat caused by the bacteria Bordetella, or uveitis (inflammation in the eye) caused by Bartonella, will typically be susceptible, but it has no effect against Chlamydophila felis that causes conjunctivitis in cats, or anemia caused by Mycoplasma haemofelis in cats. Bottle sizes include 15ml and 30ml sizes. Few drugs are consistently effective against. You can get infected by: Drinking contaminated water that contains cryptosporidium parasites. Can you tell me if Azithromycin can be used along with Recombinant feline interferon-omega (rFeIFN-). A fourth patient required prolonged therapy with azithromycin to achieve clearance. } 0000055272 00000 n
The Spruce Pets uses only high-quality sources, including peer-reviewed studies, to support the facts within our articles. In cats, it is used off-label to treat upper respiratory infections, bartonellosis, cryptosporidiosis, toxoplasmosis, or in combination with atovaquone to treat cytauxzoonosis. Younger cats are more likely to need medical attention. /TrimBox [ 9 9 585 783 ]
Because azithromycin is a human medication and is used off-label in pets, the liquid flavoring is catered to people and some cats may not like the taste. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. 0000002145 00000 n
Kittens are at heightened risk of complications due to infestation, since their immune systems are less developed. Get practical pet health tips, articles, and insights from our veterinary community delivered weekly to your inbox. Steam cleaning can be used to destroy oocysts that contaminate surfaces. /Ascent 682
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Inside the digestive tract, the protozoa infect intestinal cells and reproduce within them, usually destroying the healthy cells in the process. The liquid form should be shaken before dosing and preferably given on an empty stomach. infected puppies and kittens will survive infection and so the prognosis is considered good to excellent. 4. Read our. 0000056697 00000 n
Fecal antigen is detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs). Cats experimentally inoculated with C. parvum had oocysts detected by Day 7 and C. parvum DNA detected by Day 2 after inoculation. However, some species are thought to be shared among dogs, cats, and humans. 0000012418 00000 n
are intestinal coccidia that may infect a wide range of hosts, including cats. Dual infection with Giardia or Tritrichomonas foetus occurs in some cats and when this occurs in association with clinical disease it can be difficult to manage. eCollection 2023. Azithromycin may also have anti-inflammatory, immune-modulating, and gastrointestinal motility effects. font-size: 24px; Other sulfa drugs, amprolium, or clindamycin can be effective. Azithromycin also has some anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties sometimes making it a prescription choice for stomatitis (mouth inflammation) in cats. 2, 2017, pp. Like many antibiotics, however, it can sometimes upset their digestive tract. 0000055211 00000 n
Side effects may include nausea and a metallic taste in the mouth. In most cases, this medication is safe for use in cats and has limited side effects. display: inline-block; 0000060237 00000 n
This is thought to be related to its anti-inflammatory and immune system modulating effects. margin: 0; 87 0 R >> /ProcSet [ /PDF /Text /ImageC ] >>
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The Companion Animal Parasite Council is a great resource for veterinary parasitology recommendations. Form: Azithromycin is a bacteriostatic, time-dependent macrolide antibiotic. 0000057065 00000 n
It also comes in an injectable form that is given under the skin as a subcutaneous injection and would likely be given in your vets office. /Encoding /MacRomanEncoding
A unique characteristic of azithromycin is that it can remain in tissues much longer than other antibiotics. oocysts and Giardia spp. Being on the RX for 5 days now. J Vet Intern Med 2005;19:437. These may include Tylosin, Paromomycin, Clindamycin, Azithromycin, and Fenbendazole. are host specific, have worldwide distribution, and infections are very common, particularly in young animals. Thus, a complete diagnosis workup should be completed for animals with diarrhea. If your kitty has any stomach upset from the azithromycin, a small amount of food given with it may help and likely would not affect things too much. 3. A probable means to an end: exploring P131 pharmacophoric scaffold to identify potential inhibitors of Cryptosporidium parvum inosine monophosphate dehydrogenase. The oocysts are spheroid and small, 4-6 m in diameter. 0000056759 00000 n
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t'@ }?G Dubey JP. Cryptosporidiosis is a highly prevalent gastrointestinal parasitic disease caused by protozoan species of the genus Cryptosporidium that infect a wide range of animals, including people, throughout the world. 0 0 0 740 0 0 0 260 0 0 260 520 260 260 0 580 260 260 260 260 260 0 0 260 0
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} The only approved treatment for coccidiosis in the United States is sulfadimethoxine administered at 5060 mg/kg daily for 520 days (dogs and cats). >>
In looking through the drug formularies, there is no direct contraindication noted for using azithromycin and feline interferon omega together. 0000054219 00000 n
Supportive care may be necessary. The educational cat health content on Cats.com is written by or reviewed by our team of veterinary experts to ensure that its in line with the latest evidence-based veterinary information and health guidelines. This drug can have side effects and adverse reactions in cats, although they are not very common. 38 protons 58 neutrons; did ip man really fight mike tyson; orcutt union school district lunch menu; grupo firme sacramento ca; monster energy mission statement Diarrhea is generally more common in young cats. A medication called Nitazoxanide has been effective but causes nausea and diarrhea. /N 3
We can see things like foreign object material down in the ear canal or an ear polyp which can also be seen in young cats, which only an exam will be able to discover. Ann Pharmacother. concerts at dos equis pavilion 2021 missouri party rentals missouri party rentals This may include nutritional support and IV fluids and electrolytes to treat dehydration and anti-diarrheal medications. There is one mention in the drug formularies of a preference to give the azithromycin oral suspension on an empty stomach. Azithromycin can cause vomiting, decreased appetite, and diarrhea. Epub 2006 Jan 17. Microscopic lesions observed in some infected animals include villous atrophy, dilation of lacteals, and hyperplasia of lymph nodes in Peyer's patches. infection with or without Giardia coinfection have required several weeks of treatment prior to resolution of diarrhea. However, administration of treatment can speed resolution of clinical disease and may lessen environmental contamination and the potential for infecting other in contact animals. Oral azithromycin versus its combination with miltefosine for the treatment of experimental Old World cutaneous leishmaniasis. text-align: center; In these cases, a pharmacist at the compounding pharmacy would be the best source of knowledge for shelf-life and drug stability. Hello, is Azithromycin given with food or on an empty stomach? For healthy cats, their immune system will fight the parasite and the condition will generally run its course without treatment. Affiliate of Mars Inc. 2023 | Copyright VCA Animal Hospitals all rights reserved. People with severe immune suppression, particularly those with advanced HIV infection . margin: 0!important; 0000055839 00000 n
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Many drugs are commonly prescribed for off-label use in veterinary medicine. and Giardia spp. Hi there, and thanks for your question. /LastChar 223
in cats is initiated by ingestion of sporulated oocysts in the environment or by ingesting tissues of other infected vertebrate intermediate hosts. Your email address will not be published. Azithromycin For Cats: Dosage, Safety & Side Effects. Azithromycin is most often used in cats for upper respiratory infections, especially conditions that are chronic, recurrent, or refractory to other antibiotic therapies. Use cautiously in animals with liver disease or certain abnormal heart rhythms.
justify-content: space-between; Cryptosporidium felis occurs in cats around the world. 0000049585 00000 n
Already have a myVCA account? Key side effects include abdominal pain, cardiac arrhythmias, diarrhea, impaired liver function and vomiting. For treatment of sinusitis: Adults2 grams (g) once a day as a single dose. Clinical Implications * Symptoms typically last 2-3 weeks and are self-limiting Hi Nancy, I cant specifically answer that question for you, as this would depend on your vets intentions in prescribing it. Doumbo O, Rossignol JF, Pichard E, Traore HA, Dembele TM, Diakite M, Traore F, Diallo DA. I was wondering if Azithromycin could be used to address this issue, and if so, how much and for how lon. Veterinarians typically decide on the right antibiotic to use based on the body system affected, the types of bacteria likely to be present, and based on bacterial culture and susceptibility when possible. Unlike other antibiotics, it does have a long life after it reaches appropriate levels in the body, allowing for far less frequent dosing after the first several days. Publicado el 9 junio, 2022 por how long to cook dumplings in air fryer [ 12] Diet. %%EOF
Answer: Most likely nothing bad, but they cover essentially the same bacteria and that "double coverage" is rarely if ever needed. flex-basis: 50%; .medication-table{ 0000004451 00000 n
Your veterinarian will decide if antibiotics are warranted and may wish to perform a culture and sensitivity before reaching for an antibiotic like azithromycin. Thus, the primary goal for the treatment of cats cryptosporidiosis is to eliminate diarrhea. Anecdotally, azithromycin has also been useful in cats with stomatitis, which is a chronic inflammatory condition of the tissues in the mouth. In many cases of upper respiratory infections, they may originate as an uncomplicated viral infection, which may not require antibiotic use every time sneezes and sniffles are heard. Learn how to create a happy, healthy home for your pet. of dogs and cats do not infect people. Humans are more likely to become infected by. infected cats when a single sample is tested. /O 296
Give the missed dose as soon as you remember, and then wait the recommended amount of time between doses. /T 82260
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Until recently nitazoxanide (Alinia)2 was approved only for use in humans. >>
Clinical signs In most cases, Cryptosporidium felis infection in cats is asymptomatic. Azithromycin is a macrolide antibiotic used to treat various infections common in dogs, cats, and other pets. 0000057688 00000 n
1996;7 Suppl 1:28-33. doi: 10.1258/0956462961917285. . Brooks, Wendy DVM DABVP. /CharSet
Metronidazole is the most commonly used antibiotic for giardia infection. Meamar AR, Rezaian M, Rezaie S, Mohraz M, Kia EB, Houpt ER, Solaymani-Mohammadi S. Parasitol Res.
The biggest possible side effect (other than the possibility of developing resistant bacteria) is a C diff overgrowth, which can take months to recover from. Oocysts are immediately infectious when passed and are capable of surviving in the environment for extended periods. Never give your pet two doses at once or give extra doses. Would you like email updates of new search results? Azithromycin can be a useful antibiotic in cats, especially where long-term use is needed or where cost is a significant concern. line-height: 50px; A total of 22 MRSA isolates were isolated from nasal swabs from dogs, cats and veterinary staff in six pet hospitals in six cities, and examined for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of resistance genes, Panton-Valentine leukocidin gene lukF-lukS, staphylococcal chromosomal cassette (SCC) mec typing, spa . >>
.medication-table h2{ Cats may only show intermittent signs of irritation with such things and may not show signs of pain.
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Symptoms of Cryptosporidiosis in Cats The symptoms experienced by a cat that has been infected with this intestinal parasite are similar to what humans often experience as the "stomach flu." These symptoms are as follows: Severe diarrhea Stomach cramps and pain Nausea Vomiting Fever Dehydration Lethargy due to dehydration Loss of appetite Blastomycosis is a Systemic Fungal infection Affecting Dogs and Cats Bloat - The Mother of All Emergencies Bloat: First Aid Bloody Nose (Epistaxis) in Dogs and Cats Bones are Unsafe for Your Dog, No Bones about It Brachial Plexus Avulsion in Dogs and Cats Brachycephalic Airway Obstruction Syndrome in Flat-Faced Dogs In cats, Cryptosporidium spp. Finally, the most unusual side effect of azithromycin would be hypersensitivity reactions. If the cat is responding to the first 7 days of therapy and toxicity has not been noted, I continue treatment for 1 week past clinical resolution of diarrhea. Some protocols do indicate changing to 72 hours after a 5 day course, while others recommend a few days longer before before spreading out the doses. It is used in veterinary medicine to treat certain bacterial infections. } /Info 65 0 R
It is also used for certain infections in horses, cattle, rabbits, guinea pigs, and birds. Cats are the definitive hosts for I. felis and I. rivolta. are important emerging pathogens that can cause infections in humans, especially in immunosuppressed patients. .medication-table .table-row .item{ For health-related questions, always consult your veterinarian, as they have examined your pet, know the pet's health history, and can make the best recommendations for your pet. For this test we will require up to 1 gram of fresh feces. Fong & Chan 2022 Human Parasites: From Organisms to Molecular Biology Multiple choice questions Exam 2 (Chapters 6 to 12) Please select the best answer 1. infections in mammals and no compound is consistently effective. If they are not available, follow their directions in contacting an emergency facility. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Cats will also display intolerance for food, or in more serious cases, will suffer from organ disease. .table-footer{ Seroprevalence studies suggest that infection with Cryptosporidium is common in dogs and cats. 600 560 580 560 400 360 320 580 420 640 520 420 420 280 260 280 520 260 0 0
} @media screen and (max-width:480px) { It then develops into a sporozoite, the division and development stage, and proceeds to spread and infect the cells throughout the body.
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